Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax 4th edition pdf computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax 4th edition pdf free download, computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax 4th edition pdf, computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax 4th edition ebook content the thoroughly revised. Left ureterohydronephrosis secondary to pelvic ureteric endometriosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was introduced in paediatric urology in 1986, followed by magnetic resonance urography mru in 1999. Mr urography mru can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging. Of these techniques, only twocomputed tomographic ct urography and magnetic resonance mr urographyhave the potential to provide a comprehensive assessment of the urinary collecting system, renal parenchyma, and surrounding structures. Role of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of. Magnetic resonance urography how is magnetic resonance. Magnetic resonance urography in patients with noncontributory intravenous urography doi. Magnetic resonance urography mru techniques have matured and have become applicable to the diagnosis of more and more diseases in. Presently intravenous urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are in vogue to detect the cause and demonstrate the site of obstruction. Magnetic resonance urography mru has the advantage that in a single study, threedimensional imaging of the entire urinary tract as well as assessment of renal function and urinary drainage can be done. Magnetic resonance urography as an imaging modality for urinary.
It is a radiationfree way to look at the structure and function of the urinary tract, which is the part of the body that produces and transports urine. Mri does not involve xrays or the use of ionizing radiation, which distinguishes it from. Mr urography is clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected urinary tract obstruction, hematuria, and congenital anomalies, as well as surgically altered. Magnetic resonance urography mru in the evaluation of. Abstract magnetic resonance urography mru is a powerful clinical tool that. Magnetic resonance urography has been described as accurate in infants and children allowing an evaluation of parenchymal perfusion and.
This study describes the use of mru in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hematuria. Manual on contrast media reports that studies show the amount of contrast. While mru currently lags behind ct urography ctu in spatial resolution and efficiency, new hardware and sequence developments have contributed to a resurgence of interest in. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects, as well as common clinical applications with an emphasis on the evaluation of hydronephrosis. Out of 49 involved renal units parenchymal thickness was decreased in 10 renal units and contrast execration was decreased in 8 units.
However, ivu uses ionizing radiation and requires contrast media, which are contraindicated if. Magnetic resonance urography, computerized tomography urography, obstructive uropathy, renal stones, urinary stones, urinary obstruction, kidneys. Diuretic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance urography versus intravenous urography for depiction of nondilated urinary tracts. The objective of the current study is to identify the role of static and dynamic mru in evaluating the congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Magnetic resonance urography in duplex kidney with ectopic. Value of magnetic resonance urography versus computerized. Recent findings technical innovations such as diaphragmatic tracking, parallel or propeller imaging, faster gradients and higher field strength improve applicability in infants and children. It allows comprehensive evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract in children by providing both morphologic and functional information without exposing the child to ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance urography mru childrens hospital. Magnetic resonance urography mru is a costly, timeconsuming and.
Diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance urography in. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Cloacal dysgenesis sequence cds is a lethal and rare congenital malformation. Comparison of the rare technique with a lowdose gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance urography technique in. The study was carried out over a period of 2 years. All mru examinations in our study were similarly performed and included both noncontrast t2weighted mr hydrography as well as dynamic and delayed postcontrast sequences. Urography with conventional xray is known as intravenous pyelogram ivp. Pdf magnetic resonance urography in children when and why. It provides detailed morphological information by acquisition of images with high contrast and spatial resolution in any orthogonal plane. Diuretic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance urography mru is analogous to conventional intravenous urography ivu and, hence, designated as excretory mru. Magnetic resonance mr urography has become an integral part of the recently emerging advances that involve clinical uroradiology. Patients and methods twentyone paediatric urological patients were evaluated with t1, t2 prior and after and 3d gradient echo sequences after the contrast administration. The purpose of this study was to study the utility of magnetic resonance urography mru in the evaluation of obstructive urological diseases in comparison to intravenous urography ivu.
Magnetic resonance urography technique our institutional routine clinical mru technique was derived from protocols presented in the literature 12. Magnetic resonance urography in patients with contributory. Role of magnetic resonance urography mru as a single. Hydronephrosis was found in 49 100% of renal units with 9 18. Mri scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. Bilateral duplex urinary collecting systems accompanied. Magnetic resonance urography mru was done in all patients after informed consent of patient images 24. Magnetic resonance urography mru versus intravenous. Magnetic resonance urography mru enables onestep comprehensive morphological and functional imaging process of the urinary tract. Evaluation of urogenital fistulas by magnetic resonance. Magnetic resonance mr urography is a valuable imaging modality for assessing disorders of the pediatric urinary tract. It does not employ ionizing radiation and can be used in the presence of iodinebased contrast allergy or impaired renal function. Magnetic resonance urography in the pediatric population in ch based on results should be an integral part of the management of these patients, especially in congenital obstructive uropathy, in complex and associated congenital anomalies, as it provides morphological and functional data on the state of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Magnetic resonance imaging mri scan and magnetic resonance urography mru with 3d reconstruction 3. Study of role of magnetic resonance urography mru and. Evaluation of urogenital fistulas by magnetic resonance urography. Magnetic resonance urography mru is a new technique that uses heavily weighted t2 coronal images with fat suppression pulse. Urothelial carcinoma in a pyelocaliceal diverticulum. As prenatal ultrasonography remains a method with doubtable results, we used fetal magnetic resonance urography fmru for the evaluation of a fetus at 18 weeks of gestation, suspected to cloacal anomalies. Research article open access new grading system for. Both mr urographic techniques in combination with standard mri permit a comprehensive examination of the entire urinary tract. Inform the utility of urorm, its advantages and limitations through different cases and imaging characteristics typical of this study in the 3 tesla magneto 3t. Mr urography has received a relatively lower attention than multidetector ct mdct urography, being hampered by the low spatial resolution which is crucial for calyceal evaluation and by the requirement of updated.
Urine appears white on mru, resembling an intravenous urogram ivu. Impact of magnetic resonance urography and ultrasonography. Pdf magnetic resonance urography mru can be performed on the basis of two different imaging strategies. While mr is not used routinely to assess the degree of vesicoureteric. Regular tapering at the initial part of the pelvic ureter with visualization of the undilated pelvic ureter inferior to the level of obstruction arrow. Magnetic resonance urography in children when and why. Magnetic resonance imaging mri is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.
Staticfluid and excretory mr urography can be combined with conventional mr imaging for comprehensive evalua tion of the urinary tract. A total of 55 patients were included in this study with ages between 14 and 70 years average. Ctu and mr urography mru are used as primary imaging techniques to evaluate. Comparison of magnetic resonance urography mru with. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the thorax. Magnetic resonance urography how is magnetic resonance urography abbreviated. All the patients with suspected or diagnosed presence of renal anomalies were investigated by ultrasound usg, intravenous urography ivu, micturating. Imaging studies of the patient 2, a 41yearold woman, demonstrating vesicovaginal fistula arrows on a, b and c. Pediatric magnetic resonance urography jones 2011 journal of. Magnetic resonance mr urography comprises an evolving group of techniques with the potential for allowing optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the urinary tract. Early diagnosis and treatment can salvage the kidney. Our aim was to study the technique and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance urography mru in obstructive uropathy and to correlate the findings with ivu. Urography urography uses imaging and contrast material to evaluate or detect blood in urine, kidney or bladder stones, and cancer in the urinary tract. Intravenous urography ivu as a diagnostic modality has limitations in patients of obstructive uropathy with impaired renal function.
The start using magnetic resonance urography has facilitated the assessment of both the function and morphology of the upper urinary tract without radiation. Magnetic resonance urography mru is a radiationfree exam that uses magnetic waves to create detailed pictures of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Urinary obstruction is one of the few reversible causes of renal failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of mru as a single imaging modality in evaluation of pelviureteric junction obstruction. This was a prospective study done over a period of five years from 2006 to 2011. Excellent contrast resolution and lack of ionizing radiation make magnetic resonance urography mru a promising technique for noninvasively evaluating the entire urinary tract. Magnetic resonance urography in obstructive uropathy.
Mr urography mru can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging study as in ct urography but without radiation exposure and iv contrast administration. Magnetic resonance urography mru is a powerful clinical tool that fuses anatomic information with functional data in a single test without the use of ionizing radiation. A variety of techniques have been developed for imaging the urinary tract. Magnetic resonance urography, bju international 10. Magnetic resonance urography magnetic resonance urography roy, c saussine, c jacqmin, d. Antenatal diagnosis of cloacal dysgenesis sequence by. Methods the current study was a retrospectively observational study approved by the ethics committee of the china.
961 772 1276 136 833 811 224 1212 517 41 3 1511 604 640 1063 295 1019 1394 1051 934 430 83 1066 1318 41 487 1012 706 521 552 5 489 1083 988 797